Given below is a schematic diagram showing Mendel's Experiment on sweet pea plants having axial flowers with round seeds (AARR) and Terminal flowers with wrinkled seeds (aarr). Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Give the phenotype of F₁ progeny.

(ii) Give the phenotypes of F₂ progeny produced upon by the self-pollination of progeny.

(iii) Give the phenotypic ratio of F₂ progeny.

(iv) Name and explain the law induced by Mendel on the basis of the above observation.

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned in brackets :

(i) Photolysis and Photophosphorylation. (Definition)

(ii) Bicuspid valve and Tricuspid valve. (Function).

(iii) Vasectomy and Tubectomy. (Explain)

(iv) Cerebrum and Spinal cord. (Arrangement of nerve cells)

(v) Bowman's capsule and Malpighian capsule. (Parts included)

The diagram given below represents the human heart in one phase of its functional activities. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

(i) Name the phase.

(ii) Label the parts 1, 2, and 3

(iii) Which part of the heart is contracting in this phase? Give a reason to support your answer.

(iv) Draw well labelled diagrams of part 1 and 2 to show the structural differences between them.

Give biological reasons for the following :

The wall of the ventricle is thicker than the auricles.