An object AB is placed between O and F₁ on the principal axis of a converging lens as shown in the diagram.

Copy the diagram and by using three standard rays starting from point A, obtain an image of the object AB.

A ray of light XY passes through a right angled isosceles prism as shown below.

(i) What is the angle through which the incident ray deviates and emerges out of the prism?

(ii) Name the instrument where this action of prism is put into use.

(iii) Which prism surface will behave as a mirror?

Draw the diagram of a right angled isosceles prism which is used to make an inverted image erect.

The diagram below shows a wire stretched over a sonometer. Stems of two vibrating tuning forks A and B are touched to the wooden box of the sonometer. It is observed that the paper rider (a small piece of paper folded at the centre) present on the wire flies off when the stem of vibrating tuning fork B is touched to the wooden box but the paper just vibrates when the stem of vibrating tuning fork A is touched to the wooden box.

(i) Name the phenomenon when the paper rider just vibrates.

(ii) Name the phenomenon when the paper rider flies off.

(iii) Why does the paper rider fly off when the stem of tuning fork B is touched to the box?