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Physics

(a) What is nuclear energy?

(b) After emission of a nuclear radiation, the atomic number of the daughter nucleus increases by 1. Identify the nuclear radiation.

(c) Write a nuclear reaction indicating the nuclear change mentioned in (b).

(d) What is the special name given to the parent and daughter nucleus when this radiation is emitted?

Radioactivity

ICSE 2022

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Answer

(a) Nuclear energy arises from radioactive processes like decay, fission, or fusion. During these changes, the combined mass of product nuclei becomes less than that of the reactant nuclei, resulting in a mass loss. This mass loss leads to liberation of energy which is known as nuclear energy.

(b) β-radiation.

(c) The nuclear reaction for β-radiation is given below:

ZAP⟶Z+1     AQ+ −1   0eParent nucleusDaughter nucleus(Beta-particle)\begin{matrix} _{Z}^{A}\text{P} & \longrightarrow & _{Z+1}^{\space \space \space \space \space A}\text{Q} & + & \space _{-1}^{\space \space \space 0}\text{e} \ \footnotesize{\text{Parent nucleus}} & & \footnotesize{\text{Daughter nucleus}} & & \footnotesize{\text{(Beta-particle)}} \end{matrix}

(d) Isobars.

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