A force of 5kgf is required to cut a metal sheet. A pair of shears used for cutting the metal sheet has its blades 5 cm long, while its handles are 10 cm long. What effort is needed to cut the sheet?

A crowbar of length 120 cm has its fulcrum situated at a distance of 20 cm from the load. Calculate the mechanical advantage of the crowbar.

The diagram below shows a lever in use.

(a) To which class of lever does it belong?

(b) If AB =1 m, AF= 0.4 m, find its mechanical advantage.

(c) Calculate the value of E.

A man uses a crowbar of length 1.5 m to raise a load of 75 kgf by putting a sharp edge below the bar at a distance 1 m from his hand.

(a) Draw a diagram of the arrangement showing the fulcrum (F), load (L) and effort (E) with their directions.

(b) State the kind of lever.

(c) Calculate — (i) load arm, (ii) effort arm, (iii) mechanical advantage, and (iv) the effort needed.