(A) From mid-18th century till 1857, one part of the country or the other rose in revolt against the British policies which harmed the interests of the Indians belonging to all the segments of Indian society.

(R) Although these revolts were local, scattered and isolated, they established a local tradition of struggle against the foreign rule.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (R) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other

(A) The British policy of territorial expansion and gradual annexation of the native Indian States was one of the major grievances of the Indian rulers.

(R) Some States were brought under British control without actually being annexed.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (R) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other

(A) The British introduced modern innovations like railways and telegraph in India in the mid-19th century.

(R) The British introduced these innovations to modernise India.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (R) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other

(A) The Indian soldiers, who helped East India Company to establish the British Empire in India, were poorly paid, ill-fed and badly housed.

(R) A large proportion of British Army consisted of Indian soldiers.

1. (R) contradicts (A)
2. (R) is the reason for (A)
3. (A) is true but (R) is false
4. (A) and (R) are independent of each other