History & Civics
(a) Identify the persons 'A' and 'B' given below. To which section of the Congress did each belong and what were their ultimate objectives?
(b) Highlight three different methods of struggle adopted by each section of the Congress.
(c) State two contributions of persons 'A' and 'B' in the freedom struggle.
2ⁿᵈ Phase of INM
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Answer
(a) The picture 'A' shows Gopal Krishna Gokhale and the picture 'B' shows Lala Lajpat Rai.
Gopal Krishna Gokhale belonged to the Early Nationalists section of the Congress and Lala Lajpat Rai belonged to the Assertive Nationalists section of the Congress.
Gopal Krishna Gokhale wanted to achieve self-government and strove for autonomy within the Empire and not for absolute independence while Lala Lajpat Rai aimed at nothing short of Swaraj as it existed in the United Kingdom.
(b) Three different methods of struggle adopted by each section of the Congress were-
| Early Nationalists | Assertive Nationalists |
|---|---|
| They believed in constitutional methods and worked within the framework of the law. | They were assertive in their approach. |
| They followed the method of three P's - petitions, prayers and protests. | They followed the method of swadeshi, boycott, national education and passive resistance. |
| They sent memorandums and petitions to government officials and the British Parliament. | They adopted the policy of non-cooperation, mass agitation and self reliance. |
(c) Two contributions of Gopal krishna Gokhale in the freedom struggle are as follows-
- Servants of India Society — He set up the Servants of India Society in 1905 to train national leaders who would dedicate themselves to the service fo India.
- Persuaded the British for reforms — He criticised the government on issues such as incurring huge expenditure on the British army, adopting the policy of racial discrimination and imposing production tax on cotton.
Two contributions of Lala Lajpat Rai in the freedom struggle are as follows-
- An Educationist and a Forceful Writer — Lala Lajpat Rai was a prolific writer. When he was in the USA, he started a monthly magazine 'Young India' to spread the message of the right of India to attain Swaraj. His publications included: The Call to Young India, England's Debt to India and The Political Future of India.
- A Social Reformer — He was instrumental in the expansion of D.A.V. College at Lahore in 1886. He opened orphanages, hospitals and schools. He set up Servants of the Peoples Society for the welfare of the downtrodden and outcastes.
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