Artificial Intelligence refers to the ability of machines to perform cognitive tasks like thinking, perceiving, learning, problem-solving and decision-making.
NLP is a branch of AI that facilitates language interaction between humans and computers.
Using a VR device, users experience being transported to real and imagined worlds.
The goal of Robotics is to design intelligent machines that can help and assist humans in their day-to-day lives and keep everyone safe.
In cloud computing data is not stored on the PC but it is available and accessible across devices.
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a cloud computing service that allows users to create and deploy applications.
A sensor converts the physical parameter into a signal which can be measured electrically.
The "block" in blockchain technology refers to digital information stored in a data structure, referred to as "chain", which is called public database.
Software as a Service provides on-demand access to application software, usually requiring a license or subscription by the user.
The Blockchain technology works on the concept of decentralized and shared database where each computer has a copy of the database.
Augmented Reality (AR) technology is able to take an existing environment and add a layer of virtual information on top of it.
AI systems cannot help in decision-making.
Answer
False
Reason — AI systems can assist in decision-making by processing large amounts of data quickly and accurately, identifying patterns, predicting outcomes, and providing recommendations.
NLP is a trait of Deep Learning, which is an implementation of AI.
Answer
True
Reason — Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a subfield of Artificial Intelligence that helps computers understand human language. Deep learning, a subset of machine learning, provides advanced techniques for implementing AI, including NLP tasks such as language translation etc.
Virtual Reality (VR) is a three-dimensional, computer-generated situation that simulates the real world.
Answer
True
Reason — Virtual Reality (VR) is a three-dimensional, computer-generated situation that simulates the real world.
Cloud-based storage makes use of local computer storage for saving files and information.
Answer
False
Reason — Cloud-based storage uses remote servers accessed via the internet to store files and information, rather than relying on local computer storage.
Drone is an example of Augmented Reality.
Answer
False
Reason — A drone is an unmanned aircraft which can be remotely controlled or can fly autonomously through software-controlled flight plans in its embedded system, working in conjunction with onboard sensors and GPS.
CCTV cameras installed at offices, houses, business establishments are a result of Internet of Things (IoT) implementation.
Answer
True
Reason — CCTV cameras installed at offices, houses, and business establishments are a result of IoT implementation because they can be connected to the internet and other devices to enable remote monitoring and control via mobile app or a website.
Smart cities are not sustainable and liveable.
Answer
False
Reason — A smart city makes use of computer and communication technology along with IoT and WoT to manage and distribute resources efficiently. Smart cities are designed to be sustainable and liveable.
A grid is a computer network of geographically dispersed and heterogeneous computational resources.
Answer
True
Reason — A grid is a computer network that connects geographically dispersed and heterogeneous computational resources, such as computers and storage systems.
IoT stands for ............... .
- Industry of Things
- Internet of Things
- Intelligence of Things
- Internal. Internet of Things
Answer
Internet of Things
Reason — IoT stands for Internet of Things.
Which one of these is not an area of AI?
- Computer vision/Image recognition
- Voice recognition
- Web design
- Robotics
Answer
Web design
Reason — Web design is not an area of AI. In contrast, computer vision/image recognition, voice recognition, and robotics are all areas of AI that involve using artificial intelligence techniques to interpret and respond to visual, auditory, and physical inputs.
"Virtual Reality" is:
- Where parts of a person's body are used for identification purposes. They are unique.
- A software environment that recreates a real world or imaginary scenario like a game.
- The use of computers to encrypt data so that messages can be sent with complete privacy.
- Where images are made to appear three-dimensional and have 'depth'.
Answer
A software environment that recreates a real world or imaginary scenario like a game.
Reason — Virtual Reality is the use of computer technology to create a virtual simulator, away from real environment.
Where is artificial intelligence used?
- Training soldiers in combat using battlefield simulations
- In self-driving cars that do not require a driver
- To allow access to buildings
- To create prototypes of cars or any other object
Answer
In self-driving cars that do not require a driver
Reason — Artificial intelligence is used in self-driving cars to process data from sensors, make real-time decisions, and navigate safely without human intervention.
Where is virtual reality used?
- Training soldiers in combat using battlefield simulations
- In three-dimensional (3D) films
- To allow access to buildings
- To create prototypes of cars or any other object
Answer
Training soldiers in combat using battlefield simulations
Reason — Virtual reality is used for training soldiers in combat using battlefield simulations, to provide immersive and interactive environments.
Where is computer-assisted translation used in everyday life?
- Training TV hosts
- Spellcheckers used in word processing software
- Dictation tests
- Recording weather conditions
Answer
Spellcheckers used in word processing software
Reason — Computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools, including spellcheckers, are used in everyday life to aid in the translation and correction of text.
Which of the following is a positive impact of artificial intelligence in self-driving cars?
- An immersive video experience for the viewer using special glasses.
- Data is completely secure and cannot be tampered with.
- Only authorized people can travel in the car.
- Safer transport as there are fewer road accidents.
Answer
Safer transport as there are fewer road accidents.
Reason — One of the most significant positive impacts of artificial intelligence in self-driving cars is safer transport as there are fewer road accidents. AI-powered self-driving cars can process and analyze vast amounts of data in real-time, enabling them to make quick and accurate decisions to avoid accidents. They can detect and respond to hazards more effectively than human drivers, reducing the risk of accidents caused by human error, such as distracted driving, fatigue, or reckless behavior.
What hardware is typically used for virtual reality?
- A powerful computer, headset with a screen to see, headphones to hear and sometimes gloves
- Keyboard, mouse, printer and plotter
- Smartphone, mic and tablet
- Plotters, mouse, speakers and tablet
Answer
A powerful computer, headset with a screen to see, headphones to hear and sometimes gloves
Reason — Virtual reality requires a powerful computer to run VR applications, a headset with a screen for immersive visuals, headphones for spatial audio, and sometimes gloves for interactive experiences.
A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers a set of basic services such as virtual server provisioning and on-demand storage that can be combined into a platform for deploying and running customized applications. What type of cloud computing model would fit these requirements?
- Platform as a Service
- Software as a Service
- Infrastructure as a Service
- None of these
Answer
Infrastructure as a Service
Reason — Infrastructure as a Service is a compute infrastructure which is presented in the form of physical and virtualized resources that provide consumers with the basic building blocks needed to run applications and workloads in the cloud.
Which of the following is not a feature of IoT devices?
- Remotely controllable
- Security
- Can turn themselves off, if necessary
- Wearables
Answer
Security
Reason — Security is not a feature of IoT devices. While IoT devices can be remotely controllable, capable of turning themselves off, and include wearables.
Consider the figure given aside and identify the missing characteristic of big data.
- Veracity
- Vivacity
- Voracity
- Venality
Answer
Veracity
Reason — The five important characteristics of big data are volume, velocity, variety, veracity and value.
Ms. Dhriti is really impressed by the predictive typing feature of search engine that helps us by suggesting the next word in the sentence while typing keywords. Suggest the feature of Artificial Intelligence by which she was impressed.
- Computer Vision
- Data Analysis
- Natural Language Processing (NLP)
- None of these
Answer
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Reason — Predictive typing and suggesting the next word in a sentence are features of Natural Language Processing (NLP).
A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers to outsource the hardware and software on demand basis and pay as per the usage, thereby saving the cost of software, hardware and other things as well as the cost of setting up, maintenance and security. What type of cloud computing model fits these requirements?
- IaaS
- PaaS
- DaaS
- SaaS
Answer
IaaS
Reason — Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) fits these requirements because it allows companies to outsource both hardware and software on an on-demand basis. With IaaS, companies can pay for resources based on usage, saving costs on hardware, software, setup, maintenance, and security.
In IoT, T stands for :
- Technology
- Things
- Technical
- Traffic
Answer
Things
Reason — In IoT, T stands for "Things".
Assertion (A): Cloud computing is internet-based computing.
Reasoning (R): Cloud computing enables users to provision, monitor and manage computing resources.
- Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- A is true but R is false.
- A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Cloud computing is a technology of distributed data processing in which some scalable information resources and capacities are provided as a service to multiple external customers through the internet technology. It allows storing, accessing data and programs using the internet.
Assertion (A): Natural Language Processing (NLP) deals with interaction between human and computer systems using common and frequently spoken languages like Hindi, English, etc.
Reasoning (R): Spell-check feature is an implementation of NLP.
- Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- A is true but R is false.
- A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between computers and humans using natural language like hindi, english etc. Spell-check feature is an implementation of NLP.
Assertion (A): Immersive experiences allow the user to visualize, feel and react by stimulating their senses.
Reasoning (R): Immersive experiences have been used in the field of medicine and communications.
- Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- A is true but R is false.
- A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is true but R is false.
Explanation
Immersive experiences allow the user to visualize, feel and react by stimulating their senses. It enhances their interaction and involvement, making the experience more realistic and engaging. Immersive experiences have been used in the field of training such as driving simulators, flight simulators and so on.
Assertion (A): Machine Learning comprises algorithms that use data to learn on their own and make predictions.
Reasoning (R): Machine Learning models are first trained using training data and tested using testing data and, after successive trainings, give results with accuracy.
- Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- A is true but R is false.
- A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence. It consists of several algorithms that use data to learn on their own and make certain predictions. These algorithms, called models, are first trained and tested using training and testing data, respectively. After successive trainings, once these models are able to give results to an acceptable level of accuracy, they are used to make predictions about new and unknown data.
Assertion (A): It is difficult to store huge data using cloud computing.
Reasoning (R): Storage of data is cost-effective and time-saving in cloud computing.
- Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- A is true but R is false.
- A is false but R is true.
Answer
A is false but R is true.
Explanation
One of the advantages of cloud computing is its ability to store large amounts of data efficiently and cost-effectively. Cloud storage allows for on-demand scalability, which means users only pay for the storage they use, making it a cost-effective solution.
Assertion (A): IoT-based school bus tracking and monitoring system can be used to ensure the safety of children.
Reasoning (R): loT-based bus tracking and monitoring school device uses GPS and Google Earth.
- Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- A is true but R is false.
- A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
An IoT-based school bus tracking and monitoring system can be used to ensure the safety of children. These systems provide real-time location tracking and monitoring of school buses, which helps in ensuring that children are safe and accounted for during their journey. IoT-based bus tracking and monitoring devices use GPS and Google Earth. GPS provides accurate location data, and Google Earth can be used to visualize the bus's route and position.
Assertion (A): Big data is a term used to represent a collection of data set of huge volume and complexity.
Reasoning (R): Big data comprises structured data (such as data in database) or unstructured data (such as our social media posts, comments, audio/video chats, blogs, tweets, etc.).
- Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- A is true but R is false.
- A is false but R is true.
Answer
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation
The term Big Data refers to a huge volume of data that cannot be stored and processed by any traditional data storage or processing units. Big data comprises both structured and unstructured data. Structured data includes data that is organized and easily searchable in databases, while unstructured data includes various forms of data such as social media posts, audio/video chats, blogs, and tweets.
Explain the significance of Artificial Intelligence in today's world.
Answer
Artificial Intelligence is being tested and used in the healthcare industry for dosing drugs, various other treatments and also for surgical procedures in the operating room. Apart from the above important applications, AI has been dominant in various other fields such as:
- Gaming
- Natural Language Processing
- Expert Systems
- Vision Systems
- Speech Recognition
- Handwriting Recognition
- Intelligent Robots
What do you understand by Internet of Things? List some of its potential applications.
Answer
Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of inter-related computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.
The applications of IoT are as follows:
- Home Automation
- Smart Medical Devices
- Smart Cities
- Security Systems
Write a short note on Cloud Computing.
Answer
Cloud computing is a technology of distributed data processing in which some scalable information resources and capacities are provided as a service to multiple external customers through the internet technology. It allows storing, accessing data and programs using the internet. There are broadly three types of clouds one can access:
- Public Cloud — It is defined as a public or common cloud service provided to multiple users on a network. Public cloud services are provided through a common portal or virtual platform owned and operated by a third party cloud provider.
- Private Cloud — Private cloud is a virtual private interface provided by an individual or owned by one organization.
- Hybrid Cloud — Hybrid cloud combines public and private clouds together by technology that allows data and applications to be shared between them.
Cloud computing further consists of services such as:
- IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) — A computer infrastructure is typically presented in the form of physical and virtualized resources that provide consumers with the basic building blocks needed to run applications and workloads in the cloud.
- PaaS (Platform as a Service) — An integrated platform for the development, deployment, testing and support of web or mobile applications.
- SaaS (Software as a Service) — The business model of software license and software upgrades involves the development and support of the software vendor.
- DaaS (Desktop as a Service) — It involves delivering virtual apps and desktops to end-users over the internet.
Write a short note on Big data and its characteristics.
Answer
The term Big Data refers to a huge volume of data that cannot be stored and processed by any traditional data storage or processing units. Big data is generated on a very large scale and used by many multinational companies to process and analyze in order to uncover insights and improve the business of many organizations.
The characteristics of Big Data are as follows:
- Volume — Big Data indicates huge volumes of data that is being generated on a daily basis from various sources like social media platforms, business processes, machines, networks, human interactions etc.
- Velocity — Velocity essentially refers to the speed at which data is being created in real time. In a broader sense, it comprises the rate of change, linking of incoming data sets at varying speeds and activity bursts.
- Variety — Variety of Big Data refers to structured, unstructured and semi-structured data that is gathered from multiple sources.
- Veracity — Veracity refers to the trustworthiness of the data because processing such incorrect data can give wrong results or mislead interpretations.
- Value — Big data is not only just a pile of data but it also possesses hidden patterns and useful knowledge which can be of high business value.
Explain Artificial Intelligence along with its applications.
Answer
Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to an artificial creation of human-like intelligence that can learn, reason, plan, perceive or process natural language. The applications of Artificial Intelligence are endless. The technology can be applied to different sectors and industries. AI is being tested and used in the healthcare industry for dosing drugs, various other treatments and also for surgical procedures in the operating room. Apart from this, AI has been dominant in various other fields such as:
- Gaming
- Natural Language Processing
- Expert Systems
- Vision Systems
- Speech Recognition
- Handwriting Recognition
- Intelligent Robots
Explain Machine Learning along with its applications.
Answer
Machine learning is an application of Artificial Intelligence. It focuses on providing systems which enable the computer to automatically learn and improve without being explicitly programmed. Learning from the previous tasks handled by the machine leads to better intelligence with better response to new inputs and situations in the future. This is called Machine Learning. Some of the applications are as follows:
- Virtual Personal Assistants
- Image Recognition
- Email Spam Filtering
- Text and Speech Recognition
- Medical diagnosis
- Automatic Translation
- Traffic Prediction
- Online Fraud Detection
- Web Search and Recommendation Engines
Differentiate between Cloud Computing and Grid Computing with suitable examples.
Answer
| Cloud Computing | Grid Computing |
|---|---|
| Cloud computing is used for virtualization of servers, where one server computes several tasks or services concurrently. | Grid computing allocates multiple servers onto a single application. |
| It supports long-running services (Service Oriented). | It is typically used for job execution, where a program runs for a limited time (Application-Oriented). |
| Cloud computing is used for multiple services. | Grid computing is used for a single application. |
| Its computation service is on-demand. | Its computation service provides maximum computing power for one application. |
| It involves virtualization of hardware, software, and storage platforms. | It involves virtualization of data and computing resources. |
| Examples : GoogleDrive, OneDrive, Mobile Office Applications (e.g., Office 365, Google Docs), SharePoint, Microsoft Azure, iCloud, AWS etc. | Examples : GridGain, JPPF, JBossCache, EhCache etc. |
A company interested in cloud computing is looking for a provider who offers a set of basic services such as virtual server provisioning and on-demand storage that can be combined into a platform for deploying and running customized applications. What type of cloud computing model fits the following requirements?
- Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- Software as a Service (SaaS)
- Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Answer
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Reason — Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provides basic computing resources such as virtual servers, storage, and networking. It allows users to provision and manage these resources on-demand, giving them the flexibility to deploy and run their own applications and operating systems.
Home automation is a salient feature of IoT. Explain.
Answer
Home automation is a key feature of the Internet of Things (IoT). Internet-enabled thermostats, doorbells, smoke detectors and security alarms create a connected hub where data is shared between physical devices and users can remotely control the 'things' in that hub (i.e., adjusting temperature settings, unlocking doors etc.) via a mobile app or a website.
What is on-demand service? How is it provided in cloud computing?
Answer
On-demand service allows users to access and utilize resources such as storage, computing power, and applications whenever they need them, paying only for what they use.
On-demand service in cloud computing is provided through virtualization, self-service portals, APIs, elasticity, auto-scaling, and resource pooling. These technologies enable users to quickly access, manage, and scale resources as needed, ensuring efficient and flexible resource utilization while paying only for what they use.
A Regional Engineering College plans to become a smart college by applying IoT concepts. How can each of the following be implemented in order to transform the college into an IoT-enabled smart college?
- E-textbooks
- Smart boards
- Online tests
- Wi-fi sensors on classroom doors
- Sensors in buses to monitor their location
- Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring
Answer
- E-textbooks — Develop or subscribe to an e-learning platform where students can access e-textbooks and other digital resources.
- Smart boards — Install smart boards in classrooms that can connect to the internet and display interactive content.
- Online tests — Develop or adopt an online testing platform that ensures secure and fair testing conditions.
- Wi-fi sensors on classroom doors — Install Wi-Fi-enabled sensors on classroom doors to monitor entry and exit, ensuring security and tracking attendance.
- Sensors in buses to monitor their location — Equip buses with GPS sensors to monitor their location in real time.
- Wearables (watches or smart belts) for attendance monitoring — Use RFID-enabled wearables for students and staff to automate attendance tracking.
Write any two examples of Augmented Reality.
Answer
Snapchat lenses and global gaming app Pokemon GO are the two examples of Augmented Reality.
Write the name and purpose of any one Indian humanoid.
Answer
Mitra is the first Indian-made humanoid that uses artificial intelligence, visual data processing, facial recognition and also imitates human gestures and facial expressions.
Expand the following terms:
(i) IoT
(ii) WoT
Answer
(i) IoT — Internet of Things
(ii) WoT — Web of Things