Solved 2022 Semester 2 Question Paper ICSE Class 10 Chemistry

The ore of Aluminium is:

1. Calamine
2. Haematite
3. Magnetite
4. Cryolite

Answer

Cryolite

Reason — Cryolite [Na₃AlF₆] is an ore of aluminium. Calamine [ZnCO₃], Haematite [Fe₂O₃], Magnetite [Fe₃O₄] are not ores of aluminium.

Hydrogen chloride gas is not collected over water, as:

1. It is highly soluble in water.
2. It is less soluble in water.
3. It is lighter than air.
4. It is heavier than air.

Answer

It is highly soluble in water

Reason — Hydrogen chloride gas is not collected over water since it is highly soluble in water.

An aqueous solution of ammonia is:

1. Neutral
2. Acidic
3. Basic
4. Amphoteric

Answer

Basic

Reason — The aq. soln. of ammonia [NH₄OH] is basic in nature.

The acid which is least volatile is:

1. Hydrochloric acid
2. Nitric acid
3. Dilute sulphuric acid
4. Concentrated sulphuric acid

Answer

Concentrated Sulphuric acid

Reason — Concentrated sulphuric acid has a high boiling point so it considered to be a non-volatile acid.

The gas formed, when calcium bisulphite reacts with dilute HNO₃:

1. Sulphur trioxide
2. Hydrogen
3. Sulphur dioxide
4. Hydrogen sulphide

Answer

Sulphur dioxide

Reason — Ca(HSO₃)₂ + 2HNO₃ [dil.] ⟶ Ca(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O + 2SO₂

The IUPAC name of formic acid:

1. Propanoic acid
2. Methanoic acid
3. Ethanoic acid
4. Butanoic acid

Answer

Methanoic acid

Reason — The IUPAC name of formic acid [HCOOH] is methanoic acid.

The metallic oxide which when reacts with HCl forms salt and water:

1. Carbon monoxide
2. Nitrous oxide
3. Ammonium hydroxide
4. Sodium oxide

Answer

Sodium oxide

Reason — Sodium oxide reacts with HCl and forms the salt sodium chloride and water

2HCl + Na₂O ⟶ 2NaCl + H₂O

Vanadium pentoxide is used as a catalyst in the preparation of:

1. Nitrogen gas
2. Nitrogen dioxide gas
3. Sulphur trioxide gas
4. Carbon dioxide gas

Answer

Sulphur trioxide gas

Reason — Vanadium pentoxide is used during contact process for the preparation of sulphur trioxide gas.

$2\text{SO}_2 + \text{O}_2 \xrightleftharpoons [450-500\text{\degree C }/1 - 2 \text{ atmos}]{\text{V}_2\text{O}_5} 2\text{SO}_3 + \text{45 K cals}$

The catalyst used for the conversion of ethene to ethane:

1. Iron
2. Nickel
3. Cobalt
4. Molybdenum

Answer

Nickel

Reason — The catalyst used for conversion of ethene to ethane is commonly nickel.

$\underset{\text{ ethene}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_4} + \text{H}_2 \xrightarrow[300\degree\text{C}]{\text{Nickle}} \underset{\text{ethane}}{\text{C}_2\text{H}_6}$

Substance which helps to lower the fusion point of the mixture in Hall Heroult Process:

1. Coke
2. Concentrated sodium hydroxide
3. Fluorspar
4. Concentrated potassium hydroxide

Answer

Fluorspar

Reason — Fluorspar lowers the fusion point of the mixture in Hall Heroult Process and the mixture fuses at 950° C instead of 2050° C.

Define:

(a) Isomerism

(b) Ores

Answer

(a) Isomerism — Isomerism is the phenomenon due to which two or more compounds have the same molecular formula but differ in molecular arrangement or in structural formula.

(b) Ores — Ores are minerals from which metals are extracted commercially at a comparatively lower cost and with minimum effort.

Name the following:

(a) The property by which carbon links with itself to form a long chain.

(b) The saturated hydrocarbons having general formula C_nH_2n-2.

Answer

(a) Catenation

(b) Alkyne

Draw the structural diagram of:

(a) pentanal

(b) propanol

(c) 2-butene

Answer

(a) pentanal

(b) propanol

(c) 2-butene

Complete and balance the following chemical equations:

(a) H₂C = CH₂ + Cl₂ ⟶

(b) C₂H₆ + O₂ [excess] ⟶

(c) CH₄ + O₂ [excess] ⟶

Answer

(a) H₂C = CH₂ + Cl₂ ⟶ CH₂Cl – CH₂Cl

(b) 2C₂H₆ + 7O₂ [excess] ⟶ 4CO₂ + 6H₂O

(c) CH₄ + 2O₂ [excess] ⟶ CO₂ + 2H₂O

State the following:

(a) A compound formed when excess ammonia gas reacts with chlorine.

(b) A substance added to water, to manufacture sulphuric acid in Contact process.

Answer

(a) Ammonium chloride [NH₄Cl]

(b) Oleum

Identify the gas P and Q in the reactions given below:

(a) A compound reacts with an acid to form gas P which has no effect on acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ solution but turns lime water milky.

(b) A metallic nitrate reacts on heating gives oxygen gas along with a coloured gas Q.

Answer

(a) Carbon dioxide [CO₂]

(b) Nitrogen dioxide [NO₂]

State the observation for the following:

(a) Dry ammonia gas reacts with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst.

(b) Excess chlorine gas reacts with ammonia gas.

(c) Carbon reacts with hot concentrated nitric acid.

Answer

(a) Dry ammonia gas reacts with oxygen in the presence of platinum (catalyst) to produce nitric oxide (NO), water and heat. Nitric oxide (NO) produced is oxidised to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and reddish brown vapours are seen in the flask. As the reaction is exothermic, so the platinum (catalyst) continues to glow even after the heating is discontinued.
4NH₃ + 5O₂ $\xrightarrow[800 \degree \text{C}]{\text{Pt.}}$ 6H₂O + 4NO↑ + Δ
2NO + O₂ ⟶ 2NO₂

(b) Colourless ammonia gas reacts with greenish yellow chlorine gas in excess producing hydrogen chloride and a yellow explosive liquid (nitrogen trichloride).
NH₃ + 3Cl₂ [excess] ⟶ 3HCl + NCl₃

(c) Carbon reacts with hot concentrated nitric acid producing carbon dioxide, water and reddish brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide are evolved.
C + 4HNO₃ ⟶ CO₂ + 2H₂O + 4NO₂

Write balanced equation for the following conversions:

(a) Carbon from cane sugar and concentrated sulphuric acid.

(b) Ferric nitrate from ferric hydroxide and nitric acid.

(c) Ammonium sulphate from ammonium hydroxide and sulphuric acid.

Answer

(a) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ $\xrightarrow{\text{Conc. H}_2\text{SO}_4}$ 12C (sugar charcoal) + 11H₂O

(b) Fe(OH)₃ + 3HNO₃ [dil.] ⟶ Fe(NO₃)₃ + 3H₂O

(c) 2NH₄OH + H₂SO₄ ⟶ (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

State the relevant reason for the following:

(a) Concentrated alkali is used for the concentration of bauxite ore.

(b) Fused alumina is reduced to aluminium by electrolysis.

Answer

(a) Bauxite is heated under pressure with conc. caustic soda (NaOH) for 2 to 8 hours. Bauxite dissolves and forms sodium meta aluminate because of the amphoteric nature of aluminium, leaving behind insoluble impurities called red mud. Red mud consists of ferric oxide, sand, etc. which are removed by filtration.

(b) Aluminium oxide due to its great affinity for oxygen is a very stable compound. It is not reduced easily by common reducing agents like carbon, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Hence, fused alumina can be reduced to aluminium only by electrolysis.

State one use of the given alloys:

(a) Magnalium

(b) Duralumin

Answer

(a) Magnalium is used for making aircraft parts and scientific instruments.

(b) Duralumin is used for making light tools and pressure cooker.

Complete the table given below which refers to the Laboratory preparation of Ammonia gas:

Answer

Identify the terms for the following:

(a) The process used to purify Alumina by electrolytic reduction.

(b) The experiment used to demonstrate the high solubility of HCl gas.

(c) The chemical property of sulphuric acid to form two types of salts with an alkali.

Answer

(a) Hall-Heroult's process

(b) Fountain experiment

(c) Dibasic property of sulphuric acid.

Write the balanced chemical equation for the following:

(a) Action of heat on manganese dioxide and concentrated hydrochloric acid.

(b) Zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride.

Answer

(a) MnO₂ + 4HCl ⟶ MnCl₂ + 2H₂O + Cl₂↑

(b) Zn + 2HCl ⟶ ZnCl₂ + H₂↑

Select the right answer from the brackets and complete the statements:

In electrolysis of fused Alumina, the anode is made of (a) ............... [gas carbon/graphite] and the product formed at cathode is (b) ............... [oxygen/aluminium].

Answer

In electrolysis of fused Alumina, the anode is made of (a) graphite and the product formed at cathode is (b) aluminium

Give the IUPAC name for the following:

Answer

(a) Ethene

(b) Propanaldehyde

(c) 3-methyl Pentane

Study the diagram, which shows the Brown Ring Test and answer the questions given below:

(a) Which ion is determined by Brown Ring Test?

(b) Why is freshly prepared iron[II] sulphate used in the test?

(c) Name the substance Z.

Answer

(a) Nitrate ion [NO₃^1-]

(b) As iron [II] sulphate on exposure to the atmosphere is oxidised to iron [III] sulphate and the test will not answer with iron [III] sulphate, hence, freshly prepared iron[II] sulphate used in the test.

(c) Concentrated Sulphuric Acid.

Distinguish between the following as directed:

(a) Sodium sulphite solution and sodium sulphate solution. [using dilute H₂SO₄]

(b) Lead salt solution and zinc salt solution. [using NH₄OH solution in excess]

Answer

(a) On adding dilute sulphuric acid to sodium sulphite solution and warming, a colourless gas with suffocating smell of burning sulphur is evolved. The evolved gas turns lime water milky and changes the colour of acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ solution from orange to green suggesting that it is SO₂.

Na₂SO₃ + H₂SO₄ (dil.) ⟶ Na₂SO₄ + H₂O + SO₂↑

Sodium sulphate does not react with dilute sulphuric acid as an acid does not react with its own salt due to the presence of same anion.

(b) A lead salt gives a chalky white ppt. on reaction with ammonium hydroxide that is insoluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide. For example:

Pb(NO₃)₂ + 2NH₄OH ⟶ 2NH₄NO₃ + Pb(OH)₂ ↓

On the other hand, zinc salt forms a white gelatinous ppt. which dissolves when excess of ammonium hydroxide is added. Hence, the two can be distinguished.

ZnSO₄ + 2NH₄OH ⟶ (NH₄)₂SO₄ + Zn(OH)₂ ↓

Zn(OH)₂ + (NH₄)₂SO₄ + 2NH₄OH ⟶ [Zn(NH₃)₄]SO₄ + 4H₂O

Give one word for the following statements:

(a) The compounds of various metals found in nature with earthly impurities.

(b) A homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal in specific ratios.

Answer

(a) Minerals

(b) Alloys

Identify the acid in each case:

(a) The acid formed when sulphur reacts with concentrated nitric acid.

(b) An acid, which on adding to lead nitrate solution produces a white precipitate which is soluble on heating.

(c) The acid formed when potassium nitrate reacts with a least volatile acid.

Answer

(a) Sulphuric acid.

(b) Hydrochloric acid

(c) Nitric acid

Match column A with column B:

Answer