Migration

Tick the correct option

Question 1

Various types of migration depend on the

1. number of people often involved
2. reason for movement
3. nature of migration
4. all of the above ✓

Question 2

International movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives is called

1. Immigration ✓
2. Emigration
3. Intermigration
4. Forced migration

Question 3

Which of these is not a positive advantage of migration on destination country?

1. skilled labour
2. cultural diversity
3. cheap labour
4. racism ✓

Question 4

Which of the following is an advantage of migration on the home country?

1. remittances
2. better job opportunities
3. knowledge and skill flow
4. all of these ✓

Question 5

Which of the following is considered a pull factor responsible for brain drain?

1. lack of freedom
2. superior economic outlook ✓
3. discriminating culture
4. absence of research facilities

Fill in the blanks

Question 1

Nomadic movement is not migration as it is seasonal.

Question 2

Hong Kong has many more immigrants than emigrants.

Question 3

Migrants generally do many unskilled jobs at low wages.

Question 4

The trend of brain drain is considered a problem.

Question 5

Pull factors are those factors in the destination country that attract the individual to leave their home.

Answer in one word

Question 1

Ideas, customs and social behaviour of a particular society.

Answer

Culture

Question 2

An amount of money sent as a gift to someone.

Answer

Remittances

Question 3

Movement from one country to another country.

Answer

Immigration

Question 4

The process in which a country loses its most educated and talented workers to other countries.

Answer

Brain drain

Question 5

Movement of people from one place to another within its borders.

Answer

Inland migration

Answer the questions briefly

Question 1

Give the meaning of migration.

Answer

Movement of people from their home to another city, state or country for a job or shelter is called migration.

Question 2

Distinguish between immigration and emigration.

Answer

Question 3

State the meaning and causes of rural-urban migration.

Answer

Rural-urban migration involves the movement of people from rural areas or countryside to urban areas of the same country in search of new job opportunities and lifestyles.

The causes of rural-urban migration include marriage, employment, education, lack of security, etc.

Question 4

State any two advantages of migration to destination country.

Answer

Two advantages of migration to destination country are-

1. Cheap labour is available for different types of services.
2. Skilled labour contribute to the knowledge and production in the interest of the country.

Question 5

Explain briefly the causes of brain drain in India.

Answer

The causes of brain drain in India are-

1. Absence of research facilities
2. Employment discrimination
3. Economic underdevelopment
4. Lack of freedom
5. Poor working conditions
6. Lack of job opportunities
7. Discriminating cultures
8. Political intolerance

Question 6

State the effects of brain drain in India.

Answer

The effects of brain drain in India are both positive and negative:

Positive effects

1. People get opportunities to learn new skills and expertise. This knowledge they can utilise to the advantage of the home country once they return.
2. The migrants send money to their relatives living in the home country. This money can help stimulate the economy of the home country.
3. The money remittances help in reducing the level of poverty in the home country.

Negative effects

1. The investment in higher education is lost as the highly educated people leave India and they become assets to other countries.
2. The shortage of skilled labour and competent people in India.
3. Loss of potential future entrepreneurs.
4. Loss of innovative ideas and investment in education.

Question 7

What are the advantages and disadvantages of migration.

Answer

The advantages and disadvantages of migration in destination countries are as follows:

Advantages

1. Cheap labour
2. Skilled labour
3. Cultural diversity

Disadvantages

1. Job loss
2. Discrimination and racism
3. Social pressure
4. Breakdown of culture and tradition
5. Disease

The advantages and disadvantages of migration to the home country are as follows-
Advantages —

1. Remittances
2. Better job opportunities for locals
3. Knowledge and skill flow

Disadvantages —

1. Loss of skilled labour
2. Fall in demand of home goods
3. Social impact

Question 8

What does emigration mean? In what way it affects the country from where the migrants come?

Answer

It means leaving one's resident country with the intention to settle down elsewhere. It is especially migration from one's native country.

Emigration has advantages as well as disadvantages:

Advantages

1. Remittances
2. Better job opportunities for locals
3. Knowledge and skill flow

Disadvantages

1. Loss of skilled labour
2. Fall in demand of home goods
3. Social impact

Give reasons for the following

Question 1

The trend of brain drain is considered a problem in the developing countries.

Answer

The trend of brain drain is considered a problem in the developing countries because in this, the most highly skilled and competent individuals leave the country and these people contribute their expertise to the economy of other countries.

Question 2

In India, rural to urban and urban to rural migration is important.

Answer

In India, rural to urban and urban to rural migration is important because rural to urban population provides labour to the industries in the urban areas. This labour sends remittances to their family in the rural areas and hence help in rural development.

Also, when people move from urban to rural areas, they bring new ideas with them. At times, the industrialists move to rural areas to set up factories, which provide employment to the rural people and help in raising their standard of living.

Question 3

Migration has positive impact on the home country.

Answer

Migration has positive impact on the home country because migration brings in foreign exchange as remittances, better job opportunities for the locals and in case of seasonal migration, migrants often bring new ideas, skills and knowledge that they have acquired during travel.

Worksheet

Question 2

Tick the factors which make you leave your home city or country —

1. Poverty
2. Unemployment
3. Climate
4. Geographical location
5. Famine
6. Unsafe social situation
7. Poor housing and services
8. Poor educational standards
9. Racial discrimination
10. No job prospects
11. Any other

Answer

Factors which makes one leave his or her home city or country are ticked below:

1. Poverty ✓
2. Unemployment ✓
3. Climate
4. Geographical location
5. Famine ✓
6. Unsafe social situation ✓
7. Poor housing and services ✓
8. Poor educational standards ✓
9. Racial discrimination ✓
10. No job prospects ✓
11. Any other