Classification of Plants

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

The two main categories of plants recognised on the basis of whether they produce fruits or not are:

1. Biennials and annuals
2. Angiosperms and gymnosperms
3. Herbs and shrubs
4. Bryophyta and pteridophyta

Answer

Angiosperms and gymnosperms

Reason — Angiosperm are flowering plants that produce fruits while gymnosperms produce only seeds without producing fruits.

Question 2

Unicellular organisms with a proper nucleus are included in the group:

1. Protista
2. Monera
3. Fungi
4. Algae

Answer

Protista

Reason — Kingdom Protista consists of unicellular organisms with a proper nucleus.

Question 3

Amoeba belongs to:

1. Monera
2. Protista
3. Fungi
4. Algae

Answer

Protista

Reason — A prominent nucleus is present in Amoeba.

Short Answer Questions

Question 1

Name the categories of the following:

1. Plants which do not have roots, stem, and leaves: ...............
2. Plants with no roots, but have stems and leaves: ................
3. Plants with roots, stems, and leaves, and which bear spore-producing bodies: ...............
4. The amphibians of the plant kingdom: ...............

Answer

Name the categories of the following:

1. Plants which do not have roots, stem, and leaves — Algae
2. Plants with no roots, but have stems and leaves — Bryophyta
3. Plants with roots, stems, and leaves, and which bear spore-producing bodies — Pteridophyta
4. The amphibians of the plant kingdom — Bryophyta

Question 2

Give two characteristics and one example for each of the following:

1. Algae
2. Fungi
3. Monocot
4. Dicot
5. Bryophyta
6. Pteridophyta
7. Gymnosperms

Answer

1. Two characteristics of Algae are:
   1. They are aquatic in habitat.
   2. They have chlorophyll and hence they are autotrophs.
      Example — Spirogyra
2. Two characteristics of Fungi are:
   1. Body is composed of thread like structure called hyphae.
   2. Chlorophyll is absent and they show heterotrophic nutrition.
      Example — Agaricus (Mushroom)
3. Two characteristics of Monocot are:
   1. Seeds have a single cotyledon.
   2. Leaves have parallel venation and roots are fibrous.
      Example — Maize
4. Two characteristics of Dicot are:
   1. Seeds have two cotyledons.
   2. Leaves with reticulate venation and roots show tap root system.
      Example — Pea
5. Two characteristics of Bryophyta are:
   1. They have leaves and stems but no roots.
   2. They have root like structure known as rhizoids.
      Example — Moss
6. Two characteristics of Pteridophyta are:
   1. They have well formed leaves, stems and roots.
   2. They do not produce flowers and seeds.
      Example — Fern
7. Two characteristics of Gymnosperm are:
   1. Flowers and fruits are absent.
   2. Bear naked seeds which are not enclosed in a fruit.
      Example — Pine

Question 3(i)

Differentiate between Algae and fungi.

Answer

Question 3(ii)

Differentiate between Monocot and dicot plants.

Answer

Question 3(iii)

Differentiate between Autotrophs and heterotrophs

Answer

Question 3(iv)

Differentiate between Bacteria and Amoeba

Answer

Question 3(v)

Differentiate between Mosses and Ferns

Answer

Question 3(vi)

Differentiate between Angiosperm and Gymnosperm

Answer

Question 4

Match the items given under column I with those given under column II:

Answer

Long Answer Questions

Question 1

What name is given to the bacteria found in the root nodules of Pea plant? State their importance.

Answer

The bacteria found in the root nodules of Pea plant is Rhizobium. These bacteria are found in the root nodules of most of the leguminous plants. They trap the nitrogen from the atmosphere and convert it into nitrates (mineral salts) which can be easily absorbed by the plants from the soil along with the water. The Rhizobium bacteria lives in symbiotic relationship with the leguminous plants as the plant provides shelter to the bacteria and the bacteria provides nitrogen to the plant.

Question 2

Briefly explain four types of bacteria on the basis of their shape.

Answer

Four types of bacteria on the basis of their shape are:

1. Coccus — These are spherical or ovoid in shape.
2. Bacillus — These are rod-shaped. They may occur singly or in groups of two or three, joined end to end in long chains.
3. Spirillum — These are spiral-shaped bacteria.
4. Vibrio — These are comma-shaped bacteria. For example, Vibrio cholerae.

Question 3(i)

Give reasons for the following:

Bryophytes are called amphibians of the plant kingdom.

Answer

The Bryophytes are found on damp surfaces in moist places. They are called amphibians of the plant kingdom because they need water to reproduce. Like amphibians they need water as well as land to complete their life-cycle.

Question 3(ii)

Give reasons for the following:

Amoeba does not have any regular shape.

Answer

Amoeba has cell membrane as the outer covering of body. The cell membrane is a flexible structure which enables Amoeba to change its shape. Also, the Amoeba moves by extending the cytoplasm along the cell membrane, forming a finger-like structure known as Pseudopodia.

Question 4

What is a contractile vacuole? State its function in Amoeba.

Answer

The contractile vacuole is a vacuole in which the excess of water from the body of the amoeba is collected. The function of the contractile vacuole in Amoeba is excretion. Ammonia is the main waste product of amoeba which dissolves in water and is excreted through the general body surface by simple process of diffusion.

Question 5

List out five uses each of bacteria and fungi in our lives.

Answer

Five uses of Bacteria are:

• Bacteria are used to make antibiotic medicines like Streptomycin.
• Lactobacillus bacteria are used for curdling of milk.
• Acetobacter bacteria is used to make vinegar from fruit juices.
• Bacteria are used in tanning of leather and retting of jute.
• Bacteria causes decay of organic materials, forming manures and composts.

Five uses of Fungi:

• Fungi are important source of food. For example: Agaricus and Morchella
• Yeast is used in baking industry and in the breweries for making alcohol.
• Fungi are good decomposers. They decompose the organic matter and return the nutrient back into the soil.
• Penicillium notatum is used to make penicillin, an important antibiotic.
• Some species of Mucor and Penicillium are also used in ripening of cheese.

Question 6

"Bacteria are harmful to human beings." Briefly explain this statement..

Answer

Bacteria are responsible for a number of diseases, some of which are typhoid, leprosy, TB, pneumonia, cholera, etc. They also cause spoilage of food items such as milk, meat, fish and vegetable. Tinned and package food also get spoiled due to bacteria, after their expiry date. Thus, we can say that the bacteria are harmful to human beings.

Question 7

With reference to number of seeds, venation in the leaves and type of roots, differentiate between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.

Answer

Question 8

Briefly describe the binary fission in Amoeba.

Answer

Binary fission is the process of reproduction in amoeba in which the full grown amoeba splits into two. First the nucleus divides into two, and then the rest of the cell divides in a way that each half gets one daughter nucleus.